Evaluation of signal detection theory on the effects of psychotropic drugs on critical flicker-fusion frequency in normal subjects

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Abstract
Critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF) has often been applied to psychotropic drug evaluation as a measure of cortical arousal. There are several variables that must be considered for proper conclusions to be obtained from CFF experimental data. Psychological variables such as subject response bias are especially difficult to control. We studied the effects of single oral doses of 10 mg diazepam and 10 mg amphetamine sulfate on CFF values obtained by a block up-down spatial forced-choice method on 13 healthy volunteers (seven males and six females). Signal detection theory was also used to obtain the non-parametric value P(A) as a measure of sensory function and B as a measure of the psychological function of response bias. As a group, amphetamine increased CFF (Hz) and P(A) and diazepam decreased CFF (Hz) and P(A), with the most significant effects observed at 2 and 3 h after drug administration. B scores showed more individual variation with a trend towards a low score, or a tendency to report more flicker responses after diazepam. Separated by sex, the males had a higher percentage of subjects that demonstrated a reduction of CFF after diazepam, while the females had a higher percentage that demonstrated an increase in CFF after amphetamine. The results suggest that CFF changes following diazepam and amphetamine are mostly changes in sensory function and not changes in response bias. It is possible to apply detection theory to flicker-fusion studies and the accounting of bias by controlling, measuring or eliminating it is essential in interpretation of CFF data.