Preference and Profitability: Theory and Experiment

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Abstract
We attempt to integrate the related problems of patch choice and prey choice within patches. Two models of prey choice within patches are discussed. One based on momentary rate maximizing (the take-the-most-profitable rule) has been presented previously. We develop an alternative long-term-rate-maximizing rule, the discrete-marginal-value theorem. We present an experimental test of these two alternatives using honeybee flower-choice behavior. These empirical results strongly favor the discrete-marginal-value theorem. The relative values of flowers affect honeybee flower choice as both models predict, but the overall richness of the habitat also affects flower choice as the discrete-marginal-value theorem predicts. Our experimental result is consistent with existing data on the so-called "problem of self-control" in animal psychology. We consider the generality of momentary rate maximizing versus long-term rate maximizing, and attempt to clarify some of the literature''s confusion about when the diet and patch-use models apply.