The emittances of69Ga+ion beams extracted from a liquid-metal ion source

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Abstract
The results of first measurements of the emittances of momentum-analysed 69Ga+ ion beams extracted from a needle-type, liquid-metal ion source (LMIS) are reported: both conical and planar geometry extraction/post-acceleration systems were evaluated. The emittances of ion beams extracted from the planar geometry system are found to be lower than those from the conical geometry system due to differences in aberrations. The emittances grow substantially with ion beam current as expected from space charge effects. The apparatus and procedures used during the investigations are described and emittance data for the two source geometries are presented.