IV.—On the Amount of Sand brought up by Lobworms to the Surface

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Abstract
Ten years ago Charles Darwin published his last work, the result of more than forty years' observations on the habits of earthworms and the rate at which they bring up soil to the surface. To ascertain this rate, he made use of two methods. In the first place he measured the rate at which layers of lime or cinders were covered over by the spread-out castings of worms; and, later, he collected and weighed all the castings thrown up over a definite area within a given time. As is well known, the general result of his investigation was greatly to exalt our ideas of the importance of earthworms and of the work they do upon the surface of the land. The work performed by lobworms on the surface of tidal sands seeming not less worthy of study, I made some observations on the subject during a short stay in Holy Island last August.

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