Metabolic activity of bovine articular cartilage during refrigerated storage

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Abstract
The ability of the chondrocytes in intact bovine articular cartilage (AC) to synthesize glycosaminoglycans (GAG) during short-term refrigerated storage was examined. Closed and exposed bovine carpometacarpal joints were stored in a refrigerator for 4 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, or 7 days after the death of the animal. Full-thickness 6 mm diameter cartilage disks were obtained from each joint, incubated in Na235SO4, digested, and assayed for GAG production. Similarly incubated cartilage samples were processed for autoradiography as a qualitative determination of 35S uptake by chondrocytes. All refrigerated samples of AC showed signs of some cellular metabolic activity. Only at 7 days did chondrocytes demonstrate a significant decline in activity. For all five storage periods, AC from joints exposed to nutrient media synthesized more GAG than cartilage from matched closed joints. These results suggest that some chondrocytes in AC destined for osteoarticular allografting retain the ability to synthesize GAG for as long as 5 days of refrigerated storage and that this synthesis is stimulated by storage of the joint surfaces in a sterile nutrient solution. While the implications of the chondrocytes' survival and metabolism for osteochondral allograft transplantation are unknown, these data indicate that intact bovine AC retains some metabolic activity for several days under the conditions described and would carry on this activity if transplanted within that period of time.