Summary Malaria surveillance data for 1956 and 1957 have been presented and discussed. Points worthy of particular note include the steady decline in morbidity to a very low yearly figure, the appearance of a few primary indigenous cases every year, the importance of the military population in the present pattern of introductions from foreign sources and the declining importance of Mexico as a source of malaria. Eradication, although near at hand, has not been achieved in this country. Eradication here appears to be dependent on at least much more effective control, if not eradication, of malaria elsewhere in the world. For the present, continuing individual case surveillance offers the best means of preventing flare-ups of malaria in the United States.