Insulin Therapy in Obese, Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Induces Improvements in Insulin Action and Secretion that Are Maintained for Two Weeks After Insulin Withdrawal

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Abstract
The effects of rigorous insulin treatment on insulin action (insulin clamp) and secretion (plasma insulin response to glucose) were studied in 13 obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Improvements were documented in fasting (P < 0.0001) and postprandial (P < 0.0001) plasma glucose concentrations, insulin secretion after oral glucose (P < 0.001), and insulin action (P < 0.005) after 30 days of therapy. Mean integrated plasma insulin response to glucose increased 2.5-fold after insulin therapy, but this improvement varied considerably from patient to patient. Insulin action also increased with insulin treatment and the resulting values were no longer significantly different from a weight- and age-matched group of subjects with normal glucose tolerance. However, there was considerable patient-to-patient variation in the degree to which insulin action was enhanced. The insulin-induced improvements in glucose tolerance persisted for at least 2 wk after insulin withdrawal, and were associated with continued increased insulin secretion and insulin action. In conclusion, control of hyperglycemie for 1 mo led to improvements in both insulin secretion and action in a series of obese patients with NIDDM that persisted for at least 2 wk after cessation of therapy.

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