Anxiety and expectancy change: The effects of failure and uncertainty.

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Abstract
Examined the effects of success and failure and certainty and uncertainty on the verbalized expectancies of 80 undergraduates varying in level of anxiety. The expectancies of anxious, relative to nonanxious, Ss were significantly more affected by recent failure, but only slightly more by success. While the nonanxious were unaffected by certainty and uncertainty, anxious Ss markedly lowered expectancies under conditions of uncertainty, and tended to raise them under certainty. Anxious Ss who experienced success in the certainty condition and failure in the uncertainty condition exhibited the largest shifts in expectancy. Data suggest that the anxious individual's sensitivity to success and failure is augmented by degrees of situational uncertainty. The scope of this research precluded exact determination of the relative importance of the role of success and failure vs. situational uncertainty. (31 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

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