Effects of Environmental Factors on the Development of the Crown Node and Adventitious Roots of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)1

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Abstract
Rates of surface straw litter were shown to influence the location of the crown node in four varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). As the rate of surface straw was increased, the node formed farther from the seed; however, there was a strong variety ✕ straw rate interaction. At low straw rates, winter‐hardy varieties formed their nodes closer to the seed than did nonhardy varieties.Both light and temperature influenced the location of the crown node. As light decreased or temperature increased, the node formed farther from the seed, but the node location was strongly affected by a variety ✕ temperature ✕ light intensity interaction.Adventitious roots formed but did not elongate when the soil water content around the crown node was air dry; however, at water contents at or above 15 bars adventitious root growth appeared normal.