Entrainment of Drosophila circadian clock to green and yellow light by Rh1, Rh5, Rh6 and CRY

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Abstract
Light is one of the most important time cues for entrainment of the circadian clock. Drosophila circadian photoreception is mediated by cryptochrome in clock neurons and by rhodopsins in photic organs. We generated Rh5 mutants to elucidate circadian photoreception by rhodopsins. The Rh1, Rh5 and Rh6 mutants were combined with cryb, and entrained to a 6-h delayed photoperiod. The cryb, Rh117, Rh53 and Rh61 quadruple mutant became entrained by white light. In contrast, reentrainment to green and yellow light was abolished in the cryb, Rh117, Rh53 and Rh61 quadruple mutant, and remarkably slowed in the cryb, Rh117 and Rh61 triple mutant. These results suggest that cry, Rh1, Rh5 and Rh6 are essential for circadian photoentrainment to green and yellow light.