Variable Charge-Densities in Hydrophilic Weak-Base Ion-Exchange Membranes. V. Equilibrium Properties with Pure 1-1 Electrolytes. Swelling and Ion-Exclusion

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Abstract
The equilibrium distribution of chloride or nitrate counter-ions of K or NH4 co-ions and of water is determined experimentally at different degrees of ionization X[xbar] of hydrophylic weak-base aminated polyvinyl-alcohol membranes. These data are analyzed and explained in terms of thermodynamics interrelating the molality of fixed-charge densities and of counter-ions to that of the amount of water and of diffused salt in the membrane. Three domains have to be considered: the polyelectrolyte domain with small external concentration compared to the internal net fixed charge concentration (notion of “net-charge” densities), the domain of homogeneous interstitial liquid of the concentrated electrolyte type with sufficiently concentrated salt solution, and the intermediate domain.

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