Influence of Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm. Rhizome Extracts on Biochemical Parameters in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

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Abstract
Diabetes affects about 4% of the global popula- tion and management of diabetes without any side effects is still a challenge to the medical system. The present study investigated the possible protec- tive effects of Costus speciosus (Koen. )s m. (C. specio- sus )r hizome extracts on biochemical parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male diabetic Wistar rats. STZ treatment (50mg/kg, i.p. )c aused a hy- perglycemic state that led to various physiologic and biochemical alterations. Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol crude extracts administered at the dose of 250mg/kg, 400mg/kg, and 400mg/kg, respectively, for 60daystoSTZ-induced hypoglycemic andnormo- glycemic rats. The plasma glucose concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by all three extracts compared with controls. In addition, oral administra- tion of hexane extract significantly decreased glyco- sylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, urea, uric acid, and creati- nine and at the same time markedly increased plasma insulin, tissue glycogen, serum protein, and high- density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. The hex- ane crude extract also restored the altered plasma enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) levels to near normal. Glibenclamide used as a reference drug (0.6mg/kg body weight) also produced a significant reduction in the blood glucose concentration in STZ-induced dia- betic rats. In summary, the hexane crude extract was found to be more active in comparision with ethyl ac-