Reappraisal of the Role of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Nonpalpable Testis: A 10-year Experience

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Abstract
We retrospectively evaluated the ability of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to make the nonpalpable cryptorchid testis become palpable and promote testicular descent. Through surgical bookings we identified 94 patients younger than 11 years who received HCG between 1984 and 1994 for the diagnosis or treatment of a nonpalpable undescended testis. The dose of HCG was 1,500 IU/m.2 intramuscularly 2 times weekly for 4 weeks. Testis location was determined by physical examination before and after hormone administration, and confirmed at surgical exploration. Of the 99 nonpalpable testes identified in 94 patients 39 (39 percent) became palpable following HCG administration and only 2 (2 percent) completely descended. A total of 60 testes remained nonpalpable with the most common reason being an absent or severely atrophic testis (40, 67 percent). Of the testes remaining nonpalpable after hormonal stimulation 73 percent were surgically located at or distal to the internal ring. HCG is preoperatively efficacious in causing the nonpalpable undescended testis to become palpable. For patients failing to respond to hormonal stimulation we recommend preliminary inguinal exploration, since most testes or testicular remanants are located within the inguinal canal or immediately below the internal ring.