The lattice contraction of nanometre-sized Sn and Bi particles produced by an electrohydrodynamic technique

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Abstract
The observed lattice contraction of nanoparticles is attributed to both the surface bond that contracts with coordination number reduction of surface atoms, and the surface-to-volume ratio that increases with decreasing particle size. Surface bond contraction varies with materials and crystalline orientations while the surface-to-volume ratio depends on particle shape and size.

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