The Vectorcardiogram of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

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Abstract
Direct spatial vectorcardiograms were made by using the Frank lead system on 50 patients with known left ventricular hypertrophy of both systolic and diastolic overload types. Three distinctive loop patterns were demonstrated in the horizontal plane. In addition important quantitative measurements are described for the three planar projections. From these data, five criteria are proposed for the definitive vectorcardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy.