Longitudinal Progression of Movement Abnormalities in Relation to Psychotic Symptoms in Adolescents at High Risk of Schizophrenia

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Abstract
Abnormal movements, particularly oral-facial and upper limb dyskinesias that are independent of medication, have been observed in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.1,2 Movement abnormalities have also been documented throughout the premorbid period, including infancy,3 childhood,4 and adolescence.5 Further, they are observable in both medicated6 and medication-naive individuals who have converted to Axis I psychosis.7 It has been proposed that movement abnormalities are an external marker of an underlying neural process that is linked with the etiology of psychotic disorders.8