On the Failure Mechanisms in Laminate Compression Specimens and the Measurement of Strengths

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Abstract
Simple analytical models are utilized to quantify the effects of specimen geometry and layup, imperfections (initial curvature of specimens) as well as elastic and inelastic material properties on buckling or bending induced failures. Other possible mechanisms including ply or micro buckling and end effects are also considered. Results are correlated with test data from different specimen types and conclusions are drawn regarding the mechanism which appears to govern the failure in each case. Data obtained from a test program conducted as a part of the present study as well as those available in literature are utilized for this purpose. Some recommendations are made regarding choice of test specimens and an approach is suggested for determining the "true compressive strength" from test data, especially for unidirectional composites.