Sustained Releases of Spalangia endius to Parasitize Field Populations of Three Species of Filth Breeding Flies12

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Abstract
Spalangia endius Walker was released weekly for 13 wk against a mixed population of filth breeding field flies. Within 10 wk after initiation of the releases at a feeding station in a 44-acre pasture, all Musca domestica L. pupae collected were parasitized. Moreover, by the 12th wk, all Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) pupae, and after 13 wk, all Physiphora aeneae (F.) pupae collected were parasitized. When another feeding station located 450 ft away was set up during the 6th wk of the release, all M. domestica pupae collected from within and at the base of the trough were completely parasitized within 7 wk. During this same time interval, parasitism of S. calcitrans pupae collected from the base of the trough ranged from 99.0–100.0% and within the trough ranged from 33.0–88.0%.

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