Asymmetric secondary electron emission flux in ferroelectric KTiOPO4 crystal

Abstract
It is shown that secondary electron emission current from ferroelectric domains with opposite directions of spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric KTiOPO4 crystals (KTP) is substantially asymmetric. The effect originates from asymmetry of elementary electron processes in noncentrosymmetric crystals. A nondestructive method of ferroelectric domain observation by secondary electron emission microscopy in KTP crystals is developed, which enables observation of a domain grating in periodically poled KTP frequency doubler.