Foodborne Illness Caused by Escherichia coli: A Review

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Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EEC) can be defined as any strain of E. coli that has the potential to cause diarrheal illness. Four major categories of EEC exist. Classical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) commonly refers to serogroups of E. coli historically associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in young children and infants. Facultatively enteropathogenic E. coli (FEEC) are non-EPEC serogroups associated with sporadic diarrhea, and include many serogroups associated with the normal intestinal flora. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is commonly isolated from outbreaks of traveler's diarrhea, and includes those strains which produce a heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) only, a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) only and those which produce both ST and LT. These organisms adhere to and colonize the epithelial cell surfaces of the proximal small intestine. This colonization is mediated by specific types of fimbriae which are host-specific. Toxigenicity is plasmid-related. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) exert their path...

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