Immunolocalization of Osteogenic Protein-1 (OP-1, BMP-7) in Vasculature during Early Human Fracture Repair

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Abstract
The osteoinductive capacities of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have extensively been described in animal models. Still little is known of their role in human fracture healing. In this study, localization of endogenous OP-1, BMP-7, during early human fracture repair was investigated, as this provides insight in the physiology of BMPs during fracture healing. The localization pattern of OP-1 was studied in bone and periosteum during fresh fracture healing. Nine patients with fractures requiring operative treatment were included. All biopsies were immunohistochemically analyzed for the localization of OP-1 with four different antibodies. In all biopsies positive staining was demonstrated in osteogenic cells, various cells in fibrous tissue, and in walls of vascular structures. The staining of vascular structures was confirmed by immunostaining with Ulex europaeus agglutinin I and smooth muscle cell actin for endothelial and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Thus, OP-1 contributes not only to fracture repair by enhancing the differentiation of osteogenic cells, but also may have an angiogenic role during human fracture repair.

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