Screening for prostate cancer

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Abstract
Screening for prostate cancer has shown great promise in its ability to detect prostate cancer at a curable stage; however, significant problems exist with respect to our knowledge of its impact on prostate cancer mortality. For the properly informed patient with at least a 10-year life expectancy, it would seem that early detection efforts utilizing digital rectal examination (DRE) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) determination are beneficial. Considerable controversy abounds about early detection and screening and will continue until definitive proof of decreased prostate cancer mortality as a result of effective early detection and treatment regimens is demonstrated. Until then, all men with at least a 10-year life expectancy should be counseled as to the potential benefits and risks. The salient literature is reviewed and commentary made as to the benefits of screening methods that can be invoked as well as their limitations and potential liabilities. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 18:29–36, 2000.