Variability of the Columbia River plume observed in visible and infrared satellite imagery

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Abstract
Variability of the Columbia River plume in coastal waters off the northwestern United States, 1979-1985, was observed in sea surface temperature and phytopiankton pigment images derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and Coastal Zone Colour Scanner data. The orientation, shape, intensity and relative temperature of the plume vary in response to coastal winds and wind-driven surface currents. From October to April, plume water is oriented northward along the coast. Following the spring transition in April or May, the plume is oriented southward, either adjacent to the coast or offshore. Transition between the winter and summer forms can be observed in the satellite imagery. Brief reversals of the prevailing seasonal winds cause rapid changes in the orientation and shape of the plume. Remote sensing of the Columbia River plume offers valuable information for oceanographic studies and fisheries management in the region. Derivation of an appropriate visible-infrared signature for plume waters and tracking of tidal pulses in the plume is suggested as a promising direction for future research.