Improved Displays for Measuring Power Spectra of Complex Nonstationary Signals

Abstract
In scientific research it is frequently desirable to make an accurate measurement of the power spectrum of a complicated time‐varying signal. The performance of a Sona‐Graph audio spectrum analyzer can be upgraded for this purpose by changing the output format from a carbon‐deposited paper that is burned by an electric arc to an oscilloscope and camera system. The time resolution is improved, and direct amplitude measurements are now possible. The utility of the system is demonstrated by analysis of samples of VLF and ULF emissions. The technique can be used in many fields of scientific research, such as geophysics, oceanography, biology, medicine, and acoustics.

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