Three “Neutral” Loading Tests

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Abstract
Three tests have been carried out using hollow tubes of alpha brass subjected to combined torsion and internal pressure. An initial torque was applied sufficient to cause plastic deformation, and then the torque was decreased and the internal pressure increased to keep the octahedral shear stress constant in two tests and the maximum shear stress constant in the third test. These loading paths were chosen because they would be neutral loading if the material obeyed the von Mises-Hencky or Guest yield criterion, respectively. Shear strain, axial, and circumferential strain were measured. All three tests gave some plastic strain during the “neutral” loading, but the constant maximum shear-stress loading gave much larger plastic strains than the constant octahedral stress loading. The plastic-strain increment vectors have been plotted to illustrate their direction relative to the loading path.

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