Effect of 12 Crown 4 on the Electrochemical Intercalation of Lithium into Graphite

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Abstract
The cathodic decomposition of 1M PC/EC electrolyte in presence of various amounts of 12 crown 4 during the first lithiation of graphite is investigated galvanostatically. The decomposition reaction is greatly reduced after addition of 12 crown 4 and reaches a limit at an optimum 12 crown 4 concentration of ∼0.35M. The reduction of electrolyte decomposition after addition of 12 crown 4 is attributed to a significant decrease in gas evolution and possibly to the formation of a more stable SEI film.

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