Therapeutic Embolization for Hemorrhage from Locally Recurrent Cancer of the Breast

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Abstract
Embolization therapy was reported in 3 patients bleeding from metastatic carcinoma of the breast. Two had life threatening hemorrhage from sternal erosion; internal mammary arteriography indicated encasement, false aneurysm formation or tumor blush. The 3rd patient had intermittent bleeding of extensive fungating axillary and anterior chest wall metastases. Autologous clot alone was used in the 1st case with immediate cessation of bleeding and transient neurological symptoms secondary to back flow of thrombus into the vertebral artery were noted. The 2nd and 3rd patients received Oxycel-Ivalon and Gelfoam, respectively; bleeding ceased and no complications were noted.