Biomarkers in Benign Breast Disease: Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

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Abstract
Benign breast diseases are both common and heterogeneous. Some types (usual and atypical hyperplasias) are weak but wellestablished risk factors (1) and probably precursors for breast cancer (2). Other types (e.g., sclerosing adenosis, papillomas, and fibroadenomas) also may be associated with a slightly elevated risk, although the evidence is less compelling (3ߝ5). These benign lesions are defined by their histologic features, which are insufficient to distinguish breast tissue destined to develop cancer.