DNA Repeats -- A Treasury of Human Variation

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Abstract
Human DNA contains many sequences of nucleotides that occur repeatedly from a few to many thousand times within the genome. Nonrepeated, or unique, sequences are, of course, each represented twice -- once on each of a pair of chromosomes. Repeated sequences vary in complexity, from the full complement of an intact gene down to isolated sequences of only one or two base pairs. For example, the α-globin gene is normally present as two copies on each chromosome 16; thus, most people have four copies of this gene. There are about 200 copies of genes for ribosomal RNA in our genomes. . . .