A conforming crack tip element with quadratic variation in the singular fields

Abstract
Shape functions are given for a six node triangular element in which the √rdisplacement filed varies quadratically in the circumferential direction. Using a convenient co‐ordinate system the stiffness development is sketched and the integrations re done exactly in the radial co‐ordinate direction. Brief numerical results are presented. Shape functions for a 15 node three‐dimensional element are given explicitly. The shape functions provide both constant strain capability and conformability with quadratic isoparametric elements.

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