Studies on the Toxicity of the Autoxidized Oils. III

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Abstract
It has long been believed that a peroxide (PO) such as methyl linoleate hydroperoxide (MLHP) was the major contributor to the toxicity of autoxidized oils. It was found however, in a previous paper*) that hydroperoxyalkenals (HPA) ranging in carbon chain from five to nine were the most toxic when the toxicity was compared in terms of a single compound. Furthermore, low molecular weight compounds yielded in autoxidized oils were found to have powerful enzyme-deactivating abilities in the succeeding paper**) . Although studies on the toxicity of PO were conducted extensively, no information is available on the toxicity of HPA. Some attempts were made in this paper to cast light to the toxicity of HPA in comparison with that of MLHP. 1) LD50 of HPA and MLHP was determined by both oral administration (OA) and intraperitoneal injection (II). HPA was found to be 87 times as toxic as MLHP in the case of OA. There was no discrepancies in LD50 between OA and II for HPA, whereas MLHP was found less toxic in OA than II. 2) P.O.V. s and CO.V. s of tissue lipids of mice to which maximum amount for survival of HPA and MLHP were administered, were determined. Although the amount of HPA administered to mice was far smaller than that of MLHP, P.O.V. s and CO.V. s were found much higher in HPA-administered mice than in MLHP. 3) The enzyme-deactivating abilities of HPA and MLHP were compared in vitro using lipase, succinate dehydrogenase and thiokinase. It was evident that HPA deactivated these enzymes more severely than MLHP. 4) Hemolysis rates of red blood cells by HPA and MLHP were determined in vitro. HPA was found to have greater hemolytic potentials than MLHP. From these results authors concluded that HPA appeared to be absorbed from intestine to some extent and transported into tissues where it exerted adverse effects such as deterioration of tissue lipids, deactivation of enzymes and destruction of membranes. MLHP, on the other hand, seemed to be absorbed with greater difficulty than HPA. MLHP also had far less significant effect on enzymes and membranes, if absorbed entirely.

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