Novel Surface Vibrational Spectroscopy: Infrared-Infrared-Visible Sum-Frequency Generation

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Abstract
A novel type of surface vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy is presented that enables a highly specific measurement of the coupling of molecules on surfaces. With this doubly vibrationally resonant technique, two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy of molecules on surfaces becomes possible. The technique is demonstrated for the C-O stretch vibration of CO on a ruthenium (001) surface. It allows for the determination of the intermolecular coupling strength of dipole-coupled CO molecules on the surface.