Serologic Markers of Untreated Celiac Disease in Libyan Children: Antigliadin, Antitransglutaminase, Antiendomysial, and Anticalreticulin Antibodies

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Abstract
There are, as yet, no data available about the incidence of celiac disease in Libya. The aim of this study was to test the occurrence of serologic markers in a group of Libyan children with positive clinical and histologic findings indicative of celiac disease diagnosis. Thirty-nine children with untreated celiac disease and 50 healthy school children, all younger than 14 years, were included in the study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antigliadin, antitissue transglutaminase, and anticalreticulin antibodies was used to evaluate the serologic markers of the celiac patients. Immunoglobulin A antiendomysial antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence using human umbilical cord tissue. Clinical symptoms at presentation were weight loss (82%), abdominal distension (61.5%), diarrhea or steatorrhea (59%), pallor (41%), abdominal pain (20.5%), constipation (15%), vomiting (10%), and short stature (7.7%). Most of these symptoms disappeared after introduction of a gluten-free diet. Of 39 patients, only 23 (59%) were endomysium positive and positive also in all other serologic markers. The second group of patients with positive clinical and biopsy findings but antiendomysial antibody-negative findings was subdivided into two subgroups according to the IgA antigliadin antibody results. Individuals in the IgA gliadin-negative subgroup also lacked IgA autoantibodies. The authors’ findings stress the importance of serologic testing not only for screening but also for confirmation of celiac disease.