MK‐801 Blockade of Fos and Jun Expression Following Passive Avoidance Training in the Chick

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Abstract
Training chicks on a one-trial passive avoidance task results in transient up-regulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the left intermediate medial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) of the forebrain 30 min post-training. Injection of the non-competitive NMDA receptor inhibitor, (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo(a,d)-cyclohepten 5,10-imine maleate (MK-801), around the time of training renders chicks amnesic for the task. Training also results in enhanced expression of the immediate early gene (IEG) c-fos in the IMHV. To determine the relationship between NMDA receptor up-regulation and IEG induction during memory formation we have examined the expression of Fos, Jun and their related proteins 2 h following training in the presence/absence of the putative amnestic agent MK-801. Western blotting of IMHV samples revealed two protein bands with immunoreactivity to the Fos antibody at 47 and 54 kDa. Using an antibody to Jun, two immunoreactive bands were revealed at 39 and 54 kDa. All bands were enhanced in the left IMHV following passive avoidance training. Post-training intraperitoneal injections of MK-801 (75 mM) produced amnesia in approximately 50% of the birds when tested 1 h after training. Injection of MK-801 significantly attenuated expression of these proteins in birds rendered amnesic, but not in those that recalled the task. We conclude that NMDA receptor activation precedes immediate early gene expression in the memory formation cascade.