The Effect of 50 Hz External Electrical Interference on Implanted Cardiac Pacemakers

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Abstract
The effects of injected 50 Hz alternating current on the function of cardiac pacemakers has been observed in 18 patients with implanted unipolar VVI units. Current, in the range 0–600 μA was applied via electrodes attached to the patients' upper body and feet and fed from a specially designed current injection unit at the bedside. Most implanted pacemakers reverted to interference mode in the current range 29–250 μA. At current levels just below the reversion current all units developed irregular and inappropriate pacing. This current level was pacemaker dependent and varied in the range 27–246 μA. The total reversion current depended on the location of the injecting electrodes and on the patients' posture. The sensitivity of the units to injected interference was increased by deep inspiration. Temporary pacing catheters fitted to an additional ten patients were used to monitor the interference voltage which would be sensed by an implanted unit. This voltage was similarly dependent on patient posture and on deep respiration. Current injection has proved to be a safe, controllable and reproducible method of testing the sensitivity of implanted pacemakers to 50 Hz external interference.