Evaluation of the predictive performance of biased regression estimators

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Abstract
Regression models are widely used in forecasting, either directly as prediction equations, or indirectly as the basis of other procedures. The predictive performance of a regression model can be adversely affected by both multicollinearity and high‐leverage data points. Although biased estimation procedures have been proposed as an alternative to least squares, there has been little analysis of the predictive performance of the resulting equations. This paper discusses the predictive performance of various biased estimators, emphasizing the concept that the predictive region, as well as the strength of the multicollinearity, dictates the choice of appropriate coefficient estimators.