Contributions to the counting rate and the temperature dependence of neutron monitors

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Abstract
The temperature effect on the counting rate of neutron monitors is a result of (a) pion and muon interactions in the monitor, (b) muons stopping in the monitor, and (c) pion links in the atmosphere. The contributions made by (a) and (b) to the counting rates of IGY and NM64 monitors have been calculated, and it is shown that whereas the contributions from pion and muon interactions are comparable in the two monitors there are fewer stopping muons in the NM64 monitor. The resulting temperature effect for the IGY monitor is a factor of 1.2 ± 0.3 larger than that predicted by Dorman, while for the NM64 monitor the factor is 0.85 ± 0.2.Using a multiple regression analysis the temperature effects for the IGY and NM64 monitors have been determined for the period 1962–65. The results show that the temperature effect in the IGY is larger than that predicted by Dorman by a factor of 1.57 ± 0.10. The corresponding value for the NM64 monitor is 1.20 ± 0.13. These values are somewhat higher than those expected theoretically; however, the observed ratio of the temperature effect in the NM64 monitor to that in the IGY of 0.76 ± 0.09 agrees well with the theoretical value of 0.7 ± 0.2.

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