Tonic Immobility in the Chicken: Catalepsy Potentiation by Uncontrollable Shock and Alleviation by Imipramine

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Abstract
As compared to birds given the opportunity to control shock, inescapable aversive stimulation was shown to facilitate a cataleptic like state in chickens. In a second experiment imipramine was found to alleviate tonic immobility. It was suggested that the etiology of the cataleptic state in humans may relate to the maladaptive firing of a primitive predator defense.

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