Sublethal Effects of Carbaryl, Aminocarb, Fenitrothion, and Bacillus thuringiensis on the Development and Fecundity of the Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

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Abstract
Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), larvae were exposed to four sublethal levels (50) of carbaryl, aminocarb, fenitrothion, and Bacillus thuringtensis Berliner (B.t.). Developmental rate, pupal weight, and fecundity of survivors were examined. Larva development of both sexes was significantly extended after exposure to 17 ppm of carbaryl and 100 IU/ml of B.t. Pupal weights of individuals fed 10 ppm of carbaryl were significantly less than untreated individuals. Female survivors of all aminocarb treatment levels (0.3–1.7 ppm) laid significantly fewer eggs.

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