Automatic integrating fluorometer using an Apple-II and Scope-85

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Abstract
The system presented here measures the fluorescence of plant samples in in vivo and in vitro automatically, calculating the principal photosynthetic parameters of the sample (evaluation of the F0 level of fluorescence, normalization of the fluorescence curve, rate of light trapped at the PSII complex, maximum quantum yield of photochemistry, average fluorescence induction time, and evaluation of the number of PSII reaction centers) as well as measuring heat dissipation kinetics. Because this system offers higher speed, more versatility, and greater accuracy (3%) than manual methods, it is a unique and valuable tool for laboratories involved in fluorescence research in the photosynthesis field. To demonstrate the use of this system and its superior performance, this article describes classic experiments carried out with the alga Dunaliella tertiolecta.