The 3′‐Amido and 5′‐Amido Analogues of Adenosine 3′:5′‐Monophosphate; Interaction with cAMP‐Specific Proteins

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Abstract
The sensitivity for recognition of adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (cAMP) by its coordinate proteins towards chemical changes in the six-membered cyclic phosphate ring has been investigated. A comparison of the interaction parameters of the 3′ and 5′-amido analogues (I,II) and of unsubstituted cAMP has been made using two different protein kinases and the phosphodiesterase from bovine heart. Binding affinity and the capacity of the amido analogues to stimulate the phosphotransferase activity of the kinases is greatly reduced relative to cAMP, the 3′-position being more sensitive towards the modification than the 5′-position. The coordinate noncyclic derivatives, 3′-deoxy-3′-amino-5′-AMP (IV) and 5′-deoxy-5′-amino-3′-AMP (III), were also tested. Surprisingly activity towards protein kinases was found to be considerable for the 5′-deoxy-5′-amino-3′-AMP (III), while the 3′-deoxy-3′-amino-5′-AMP (IV) is practically inactive. A possible reason for this is that the noncyclic 5′-analogue (III) may be able to assume a cyclic structure maintained by internal salt formation. The phosphodiesterase splits both cyclic amido analogues but with reduced rates compared to that of natural cAMP. Kinetic data obtained from different methods reveal a stronger affinity for the 5′-analogue (I) than the 3′-analogue (II) for the active site, although the reaction rate at saturated substrate concentration is significantly higher with II than with I. The properties of the amido and the noncyclic amino analogues are discussed with available data from chemotaxis of the cellular slime moulds. Furthermore data of the respective methylene cyclic derivatives are used for a more comprehensive comparison. The above is interpreted in terms of the electronic features of the substitutions and of the changes in bond distances or angles upon replacement of O by NH or CH2 in the cyclic phosphate ring (obtained from X-ray work).

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