Techniques and Value of Sphincter Electromyography in Urological Problems

Abstract
The advantages and disadvantages of bipolar and external electrodes for the recording of sphincter electromyography (EMG) are discussed in relation to the urological problems which must be resolved. The unexpectedly large number of EMG abnormalities is stressed. Trends for quantitation of electrophysiological reflexes and possible applications in the next future are mentioned.

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