Bioavailability and half-life of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in rat

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Abstract
1. The absorption of the flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) has been shown by its detection in human plasma, but reported experimental data on its absorption in rat are inconsistent. The bioavailability and half-life were therefore determined in rat, and qualitative analyses by GC/MS of metabolites in plasma were performed. The relative amount of phenolic metabolites was determined in a rat plasma sample obtained after administration of radiolabelled BDE-209. 2. The bioavailability of parent BDE-209 was calculated to be about 26% in rat. The concentrations of phenolic radioactivity in plasma 3 and 7 days after dosing were four times higher than those of the neutral compounds, i.e. parent compound, indicating that total absorption was higher than 26%. 3. Thirteen phenolic metabolites were determined in the plasma and the major phenolic metabolites were characterized as a hydroxy-octaBDE, a hydroxy-nonaBDE and a hydroxy-methoxy-hexaBDE (guaiacol-type). The exposure to the phenolic metabolites seemed higher than the parent compound, BDE-209. 4. The initial elimination phase in plasma t1/2α for BDE-209 was 2 h, implying a rapid distribution of BDE-209 to well-perfused tissues. The distribution volume at steady state was 1.4 l kg−1, implying a low tendency for distribution to adipose tissue. The terminal t1/2 for BDE-209 in the intravenously dosed rat was calculated as 2.5 days (58 h).