TEMPORAL DISSOCIATION IN THE EXPOSURE TIMES REQUIRED FOR MAXIMAL INDUCTION OF CYTO-TOXICITY, MUTATION, AND TRANSFORMATION BY N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE IN THE BALB/3T3 CIA31-1-1 CELL-LINE

  • 1 January 1984
    • journal article
    • research article
    • Vol. 44  (6) , 2452-2457
Abstract
Cytotoxicity, alkali-labile DNA lesions, ouabain resistance mutations, and neoplastic transformation were analyzed concurrently in the BALB/3T3 CIA31-1-1 cell line treated with the alkylating agent N-methyl-N''-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) for different exposure times (15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 240 min; 24, 48, and 72 h). The half-life of MNNG in complete medium was approximately 70 min, both without cells and with cell numbers as used in the assays for cytotoxicity (2 .times. 102 cells/60-mm dish), transformation (1 .times. 104 cells/dish), and mutation (1 .times. 105 cells/dish). The cytotoxic effect of MNNG (0.5 or 2 .mu.g/ml) appeared to be completed after an exposure time between 100 and 200 min. Maximal frequency of ouabain resistance mutations, however, was reached after a much shorter treatment time (30-60 min). Detection of DNA damage by alkaline elution analysis showed maximal increase in single-strand breaks already after treatment for 30 min. Exposures for 30 min followed by posttreatment incubation for 30 or 90 min showed active repair of single-strand breaks during these periods, indicative of an even balance between the additional MNNG-induced damage and its repair. Morphological transformation assays, at the same treatment times and concentrations used in the mutation assays, yielded frequency curves that reached their maxima 1-3 h later than did the mutation frequencies. The ratio of transformation to ouabain resistance mutation frequencies was 3.7 for short treatment times (30-60 min), while it increased to > 20 for exposure times of .gtoreq. 240 min. The temporal dissociation in the exposure times for maximal induction of mutation and transformation, observed with MNNG in this cell line, supports the hypothesis that a single gene mutational event is not sufficient to account for the full expression of neoplastic transformation.