Visual Fields in 4- to 10-Year-Old Children Using Goldmann and Double-Arc Perimeters

Publisher Website
Google Scholar
Abstract
We report the comparison of field extent measured using two kinetic perimeters: 1) a double-arc perimeter developed by van Hot-van Duin for use in infants and young children, and 2) the standard Goldmann apparatus. Targets used were the V-4-e target on the Goldmann and both 2- and 6-degree targets on the double-arc perimeter. Visual fields were measured by assessing looking responses toward targets presented in a pseudorandom order at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°. Fifty-six children (mean age: 6.8 years, range: 4 to 10 years) were tested, with retests undertaken In 20%. The extent of total field size was highly correlated among the three tests (P < .001) and test-retest reliability was high for all three targets (P < .001). Our previous observation of continued growth with age in visual field extent using the 6-degree target in 4- to 10-year-old children was confirmed and also seen with the 2-degree target in arc perimetry and with the V-4-e in the Goldmann apparatus. Kinetic perimetry using a double-arc perimeter with 2and 6-degree target sizes appears reliable and comparable, in the four meridie tested, to conventional kinetic perimetry techniques in 4- to 10-year-old children.