Oligonucleotide Sequence-Specific Inhibition of Gene Expression, Tumor Growth Inhibition, and Modulation of cAMP Signaling by an RNA-DNA Hybrid Antisense Targeted to Protein Kinase A RIα Subunit

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Abstract
The primary mediator of cAMP action in mammalian cells is cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). There are two types of PKA, type I (PKA-I) and type II (PKA-II), which share a common catalytic subunit but contain distinct regulatory subunits, RI and RII, respectively. Evidence suggests that increased expression of RIα/PKA-I correlates with neoplastic cell growth. Here, we show that sequence-specific oligonucleotide inhibition of RIα expression results in inhibition of growth and modulation of cAMP signaling in cancer cells. The antisense promoted growth inhibition in a time-dependent, concentration-dependent, and sequence-dependent manner in human cancer cells in monolayer culture, and it inhibited colony formation in soft agar and tumor growth in nude mice. Among the cancer cells are LS-174T, HCT-15, and Colo-205 colon carcinoma cells; A-549 lung carcinoma cells; LNCaP prostate adenocarcinoma cells; Molt-4 leukemia cells; and Jurkat.T lymphoma cells. Northern blot and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that the growth inhibitory effect of the antisense correlated with a decrease in RIα expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the antisense-directed inhibition of RIα expression resulted in compensatory changes in expression of the isoforms of R and C subunits and cAMP signaling in a cell type-specific manner. These results demonstrate that cAMP is ubiquitous in the regulation of cell growth and that the antisense oligonucleotide, which inhibits the synthesis of the RIα subunit of PKA, can be targeted to a single gene for treatment of cancer in a variety of cell types.

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