Chloramphenicol Extraction from Honey, Milk, and Eggs Using Polymer Monolith Microextraction Followed by Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry Determination

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Abstract
A rapid confirmatory method for monitoring chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in honey, whole milk, and eggs is presented. This method is based on the polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) technique and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)−electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS). A poly(methacrylic acid−ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary column was selected as the extraction medium. To obtain optimum extraction efficiency, several parameters related to PMME were investigated. After dissolution in 20 mM phosphate solution at pH 4.0 and centrifugation, honey, eggs, or milk samples were directly passed through the extraction tube. The LC−MS instrument was equipped with an electrospray ion source and a single quadrupole. The eluates were analyzed by LC−MS in the negative-ion mode and by monitoring a pair of isotopic ions for the target compound. The in-source collision-induced dissociation process produced confirmatory ions. The recoveries of CAP from real samples spiked at 0.1−10 ng/g (honey), 0.2−10 ng/mL (milk), and 0.2−10 ng/g (egg) were in the range of 85−102%, with relative standard deviations ranging between 2.1% and 8.9%. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.02 ng/g, 0.04 ng/mL, and 0.04 ng/g in honey, milk, and eggs, respectively. The proposed method was proved to be robust in monitoring CAP residue in honey, milk, and eggs. Keywords: Polymer monolith microextraction; liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; chloramphenicol; honey; milk; egg

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