Dislocation climb in gadolinium due to thermal diffusion

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Abstract
Electron microscope observations have been made of unusual dislocation distributions in thin films of gadolinium prepared from vacuum deposited films by electron beam heating, in situ, in the electron microscope. Experimental evidence and arguments are given for the belief that the dislocations are edge dislocations with the Burgers vector normal to the foil and that they have originated through climb processes. It is pointed out that this type of heating gives rise to very large temperature gradients which in turn are the driving force for thermal diffusion. Resasonable guesses for unknown physical parameters for gadolinium make this type of vacancy flow very plausible as the origin of these dislocations.

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