Incidental retention of speaker’s voice

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Abstract
It was previously reported that any retention in memory of the sex of a speaker of verbal material is automatic. In an experiment, the to-be-remembered sentences contained either male or female agents; incidental retention of sex of speaker did not occur. The dual-hemisphere parallel-processing hypothesis, which indicates that retention of voice should be indepndent of sentence content, was not supported. In another experiment the sentences contained neutral agents and incidental retention of sex of speaker did occur. The voice connotation hypothesis was supported in both experiments. The different results with regard to incidental retention of speaker''s voice found in experiments 1 and 2 were replicated in experiment 3 using a within-subjects design. Another experiment was conducted to determine if a speaker''s voice influences the meaning of a neutral sentence. Sentences spoken by a male were rated as having more potent connotations and supported the voice connotation hypothesis.