Fuchsin staining with naoh clearing for lignified elements of whole plants or plants organs

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Abstract
Three methods that are adapted to the various consistencies of plants are as follows: 1. Samples are placed for 10–14 hr at 60° C in a 1% aqueous solution of basic fuchsin, to which 10 gm of solid NaOH per 100 ml are added. 2. Samples when taken out of 95% alcohol are placed in a 1% solution of basic fuchsin in 95% alcohol for 24 hr; after washing in water, they are placed in a 15% solution of NaOH at 60° C until cleared. 3. Samples are placed in a 15% aqueous solution of NaOH at 60° C until cleared, then for 24 hr at 60° C in 15% NaOH containing basic fuchsin. After being stained and cleared by one of these three methods, the samples are rinsed in water, dehydrated and then passed into a mixture of absolute alcohol and concentrated HC1 (3:1) for 1–15 min, rinsed in absolute alcohol, cleared in xylene and mounted in Canada balsam. The lignified tissues appear red; the others, transparent.